The frontal forms the top front of the head, the forehead, the brow ridges and the nasal cavity. The ethmoid forms part of the eye cavity. Then the separate cranial bones fuse together and remain that way throughout adulthood. In normal development, the cranial bones remain separate until about age two. The human cranium, which houses and protects the brain, is composed of six major bones: the ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid and temporal. The difference is that those abnormalities usually self correct, while craniosynostosis worsens if it is left untreated. An abnormal skull shape at birth is not always craniosynostosis and may be related to fetal head position or birth trauma. Synostosis of a particular suture alters the skull shape in a recognizable manner. The severity and type of deformity depends on which sutures close, the point in the development process that the closure occurred and the success or failure of the other sutures to allow for brain expansion. In some cases, the growth of the skull is restricted enough to cause increased pressure in the head and can lead to headaches, visual problems or developmental delays. The condition is usually apparent in infancy as an abnormal but characteristic head shape and, in some patients, abnormal facial features. Due to this closure, the baby develops an abnormally shaped skull because the bones do not expand normally with the growth of the brain. Craniosynostosis is a congenital deformity of the infant skull that occurs when the fibrous joints between the bones of the skull (called cranial sutures) close prematurely.
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